{
  "meta": {
    "name": "Nicotine Pouch Regulation by Country",
    "description": "Legal status of nicotine pouches by jurisdiction — status, minimum age, nicotine cap, policy domains and product classification, with a primary-law citation for every published row.",
    "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
    "licenseName": "CC BY 4.0",
    "attribution": "NicotinePouch.org",
    "canonicalUrl": "https://nicotinepouch.org/regulations/",
    "generatedAt": "2026-09-11",
    "rowCount": 20,
    "statusMeaning": {
      "banned_personal": "Sale is prohibited, and so is importing or holding them for personal use.",
      "banned": "Sale is prohibited. The prohibition we cite binds the trade, not the user.",
      "pharmacy_only": "Lawful only as an authorised medicine or health product, sold through a pharmacy.",
      "regulated": "Ordinary retail sale is lawful, under rules written for nicotine pouches.",
      "unregulated": "Ordinary retail sale is lawful. We established that no pouch-specific rule is in force.",
      "unknown": "We have not reviewed this jurisdiction. That is not a finding that pouches are unrestricted."
    },
    "inForceMeaning": "false means the cited rule is law but has not commenced. Its restrictions do not bind yet, even where status is \"regulated\" or \"banned\". Check in_force_from for the date it begins.",
    "sources": [
      {
        "key": "jhu-gtc-policy-scan",
        "name": "Global Tobacco Control Policy Scan",
        "publisher": "Johns Hopkins Institute for Global Tobacco Control",
        "url": "https://www.globaltobaccocontrol.org/en/policy-scan/nicotine-pouches",
        "jurisdictionCount": 64,
        "coverageThrough": "2023-10-01"
      },
      {
        "key": "np-primary-law-review",
        "name": "Our own research",
        "publisher": null,
        "url": null,
        "jurisdictionCount": 3,
        "coverageThrough": null
      }
    ]
  },
  "jurisdictions": [
    {
      "isoA2": "AU",
      "isoA3": "AUS",
      "unM49": 36,
      "name": "Australia",
      "slug": "australia",
      "continent": "Oceania",
      "whoRegion": "WPRO",
      "status": "banned_personal",
      "saleBanned": true,
      "minimumAge": null,
      "nicotineCapMg": null,
      "firstRegulationYear": null,
      "inForceFrom": null,
      "inForce": true,
      "reviewedAt": "2026-08-24",
      "flags": [
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "advertising-promotion-sponsorship",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "child-safety-packaging",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "clean-air",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "distribution",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "health-warning-labeling",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "ingredients-flavors",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "manufacture",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "minimum-age",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "n-a",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "nicotine-volume-concentration",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "reporting-notification",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "safety-hygiene",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "tax",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "trademarks",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "tobacco-free-nicotine-pouch",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "consumer-product",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "device",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "or-combination-product-drug-and-device",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "e-cigarette",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "electronic-smoking-device",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "ends",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "drug",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "medical-device",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "modern-medicinal",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "or-when-marketed-for-therapeutic-purposes-a-drug",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "n-a",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "tobacco-product",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "tobacco-derivative",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "tobacco-imitation",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "tobacco-heated",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "smokeless-or-oral-tobacco",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "tobacco-related-product",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "tobacco-surrogate",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "novel",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "nicotine-product",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "sale",
          "value": "yes"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "importation",
          "value": "yes"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "poison",
          "value": "yes"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "medicinal",
          "value": "yes"
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2004A03952/latest/text",
          "title": "Therapeutic Goods Act 1989",
          "publisher": "Federal Register of Legislation",
          "kind": "primary_law",
          "language": "en",
          "publishedAt": null,
          "accessedAt": "2026-08-24",
          "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260718153321/https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2004A03952/latest/text",
          "isPrimary": true,
          "flagKey": null
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2026L00633/asmade",
          "title": "Therapeutic Goods (Poisons Standard—June 2026) Instrument 2026",
          "publisher": "Federal Register of Legislation",
          "kind": "primary_law",
          "language": "en",
          "publishedAt": "2026-06-01",
          "accessedAt": "2026-08-25",
          "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260611222214/https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2026L00633/asmade",
          "isPrimary": false,
          "flagKey": "poison"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://www.tga.gov.au/news/media-releases/new-regulations-strengthen-controls-nicotine-pouches",
          "title": "New regulations strengthen controls on nicotine pouches",
          "publisher": "Therapeutic Goods Administration",
          "kind": "government",
          "language": "en",
          "publishedAt": "2026-07-17",
          "accessedAt": "2026-08-26",
          "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260826122315/https://www.tga.gov.au/news/media-releases/new-regulations-strengthen-controls-nicotine-pouches",
          "isPrimary": false,
          "flagKey": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "isoA2": "BE",
      "isoA3": "BEL",
      "unM49": 56,
      "name": "Belgium",
      "slug": "belgium",
      "continent": "Europe",
      "whoRegion": "EURO",
      "status": "banned",
      "saleBanned": true,
      "minimumAge": null,
      "nicotineCapMg": null,
      "firstRegulationYear": 2023,
      "inForceFrom": null,
      "inForce": true,
      "reviewedAt": "2026-08-24",
      "flags": [
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "advertising-promotion-sponsorship",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "child-safety-packaging",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "clean-air",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "health-warning-labeling",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "importation",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "ingredients-flavors",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "manufacture",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "minimum-age",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "n-a",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "nicotine-volume-concentration",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "reporting-notification",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "safety-hygiene",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "tax",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "trademarks",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "tobacco-free-nicotine-pouch",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "consumer-product",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "device",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "or-combination-product-drug-and-device",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "e-cigarette",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "electronic-smoking-device",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "ends",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "medicinal",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "drug",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "medical-device",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "modern-medicinal",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "or-when-marketed-for-therapeutic-purposes-a-drug",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "n-a",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "poison",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "tobacco-product",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "tobacco-derivative",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "tobacco-imitation",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "tobacco-heated",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "smokeless-or-oral-tobacco",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "tobacco-surrogate",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "novel",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "nicotine-product",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "sale",
          "value": "yes"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "distribution",
          "value": "yes"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "tobacco-related-product",
          "value": "yes"
        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://etaamb.openjustice.be/fr/arrete-royal-du-14-mars-2023_n2023041247.html",
          "title": "Arrêté royal du 14 mars 2023 relatif à l'interdiction de mise sur le marché de certains produits similaires",
          "publisher": "Moniteur belge",
          "kind": "primary_law",
          "language": "fr",
          "publishedAt": "2023-03-14",
          "accessedAt": "2026-08-24",
          "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250122085311/https://etaamb.openjustice.be/fr/arrete-royal-du-14-mars-2023_n2023041247.html",
          "isPrimary": true,
          "flagKey": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "isoA2": "CA",
      "isoA3": "CAN",
      "unM49": 124,
      "name": "Canada",
      "slug": "canada",
      "continent": "North America",
      "whoRegion": "AMRO",
      "status": "pharmacy_only",
      "saleBanned": false,
      "minimumAge": null,
      "nicotineCapMg": null,
      "firstRegulationYear": null,
      "inForceFrom": null,
      "inForce": true,
      "reviewedAt": "2026-08-24",
      "flags": [
        {
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          "key": "advertising-promotion-sponsorship",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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          "key": "clean-air",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
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          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
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          "key": "health-warning-labeling",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
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          "key": "importation",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "ingredients-flavors",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "manufacture",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "policy_domain",
          "key": "minimum-age",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
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        },
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        },
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        },
        {
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        {
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        },
        {
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        {
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        },
        {
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          "key": "tobacco-derivative",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
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          "key": "tobacco-related-product",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
          "key": "tobacco-surrogate",
          "value": "unknown"
        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
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        },
        {
          "kind": "product_classification",
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        }
      ],
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/F-27/",
          "title": "Food and Drugs Act (R.S.C., 1985, c. F-27)",
          "publisher": "Justice Laws Website",
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          "publishedAt": null,
          "accessedAt": "2026-08-24",
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          "isPrimary": true,
          "flagKey": null
        },
        {
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2003-196/",
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          "accessedAt": "2026-08-24",
          "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260818035206/https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2003-196/",
          "isPrimary": false,
          "flagKey": "reporting-notification"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2024-169/page-1.html",
          "title": "Supplementary Rules Respecting Nicotine Replacement Therapies Order (SOR/2024-169)",
          "publisher": "Justice Laws Website",
          "kind": "primary_law",
          "language": "en",
          "publishedAt": "2024-08-28",
          "accessedAt": "2026-08-25",
          "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260519015853/https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/SOR-2024-169/page-1.html",
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        },
        {
          "url": "https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2024/2024-08-28/html/sor-dors169-eng.html",
          "title": "Supplementary Rules Respecting Nicotine Replacement Therapies Order: SOR/2024-169",
          "publisher": "Canada Gazette, Part II",
          "kind": "government",
          "language": "en",
          "publishedAt": "2024-08-28",
          "accessedAt": "2026-08-26",
          "archiveUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20260610085225/https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p2/2024/2024-08-28/html/sor-dors169-eng.html",
          "isPrimary": false,
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        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "isoA2": "CZ",
      "isoA3": "CZE",
      "unM49": 203,
      "name": "Czech Republic",
      "slug": "czech-republic",
      "continent": "Europe",
      "whoRegion": "EURO",
      "status": "regulated",
      "saleBanned": false,
      "minimumAge": 18,
      "nicotineCapMg": 12,
      "firstRegulationYear": 2023,
      "inForceFrom": null,
      "inForce": true,
      "reviewedAt": "2026-08-24",
      "flags": [
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          "title": "21 U.S.C. § 387f — General provisions respecting control of tobacco products",
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